FM

Controls

• AlgorithmStack / Dual Mod / Branch / Pair Stack / Two Pairs / Triple / One Pair / Additive — Who modulates whom: Stack (4>3>2>1), Dual Mod (3+4>2>1), Branch (3>2>1 and 4>1), Pair Stack (4>3>1 and 2>1), Two Pairs (2>1 and 4>3), Triple (4 into 1, 2 and 3), One Pair (4>3 with 1 and 2) or Additive (all four heard).
• Feedback0 to 100% — Operator 4 modulating itself (0 to 100%): from a pure sine toward a bright saw and noise.
• Op 1 Ratio0.5 to 16 — Operator 1's frequency as a multiple of the note (0.5 to 16); whole numbers sound harmonic, others bell-like.
• Op 1 Level0 to 100% — Operator 1's level (0 to 100%): its loudness when it is heard, its modulation depth when it modulates.
• Op 1 Attack1 to 10000 ms — Operator 1's attack time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 1 Decay1 to 10000 ms — Operator 1's decay time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 1 Sustain0 to 100% — Operator 1's sustain level (0 to 100%).
• Op 1 Release1 to 10000 ms — Operator 1's release time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 1 Velocity0 to 100% — How much the velocity changes operator 1's level (0 to 100%).
• Op 2 Ratio0.5 to 16 — Operator 2's frequency as a multiple of the note (0.5 to 16).
• Op 2 Level0 to 100% — Operator 2's level (0 to 100%).
• Op 2 Attack1 to 10000 ms — Operator 2's attack time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 2 Decay1 to 10000 ms — Operator 2's decay time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 2 Sustain0 to 100% — Operator 2's sustain level (0 to 100%).
• Op 2 Release1 to 10000 ms — Operator 2's release time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 2 Velocity0 to 100% — How much the velocity changes operator 2's level (0 to 100%); on a modulator, harder playing sounds brighter.
• Op 3 Ratio0.5 to 16 — Operator 3's frequency as a multiple of the note (0.5 to 16).
• Op 3 Level0 to 100% — Operator 3's level (0 to 100%).
• Op 3 Attack1 to 10000 ms — Operator 3's attack time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 3 Decay1 to 10000 ms — Operator 3's decay time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 3 Sustain0 to 100% — Operator 3's sustain level (0 to 100%).
• Op 3 Release1 to 10000 ms — Operator 3's release time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 3 Velocity0 to 100% — How much the velocity changes operator 3's level (0 to 100%).
• Op 4 Ratio0.5 to 16 — Operator 4's frequency as a multiple of the note (0.5 to 16).
• Op 4 Level0 to 100% — Operator 4's level (0 to 100%).
• Op 4 Attack1 to 10000 ms — Operator 4's attack time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 4 Decay1 to 10000 ms — Operator 4's decay time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 4 Sustain0 to 100% — Operator 4's sustain level (0 to 100%).
• Op 4 Release1 to 10000 ms — Operator 4's release time (1 ms to 10 s).
• Op 4 Velocity0 to 100% — How much the velocity changes operator 4's level (0 to 100%).
• Brightness−100 to +100% — Scales every modulator's depth at once (-100 to +100%): darker to brighter without touching the operators.
• Chorus Mix0 to 100% — The built-in chorus's mix (0 to 100%), the classic partner of FM pianos.
• Reverb Mix0 to 100% — The built-in reverb's mix (0 to 100%).
• Reverb Size0 to 100% — The reverb's size (0 to 100%).
• Octave−3 to +3 — Moves the whole instrument by octaves (-3 to +3).
• Bend Range0 to 24 st — The pitch bend range in semitones (0 to 24).
• Volume−24 to +12 dB — The output level (-24 to +12 dB).

Best uses

• Electric pianos with chorus, from soft to barking
• Tubular, glass and digital bells
• Punchy FM and slap basses
• Brass stabs, clavs and organ tones
• Marimba, vibraphone and harp plucks
• Soft and bell-like pads

Properties

An instrument: MIDI in, stereo out, no samples, 8 voices (a new note takes a silent voice, then the oldest released one, then the oldest; a sounding voice keeps its envelopes and phases, so nothing clicks). Four sine operators per voice in phase modulation, each with a ratio, a linear-attack exponential ADSR and velocity sensitivity; a modulator's level is its index (square law, up to 8 radians), operator 4's feedback averages its last two outputs for stability. A voice ends when every carrier's envelope has. Sample-accurate MIDI with sustain pedal, mod wheel vibrato (5.5 Hz), pitch bend and all notes off, then chorus and an eight-line feedback delay network reverb. The same in the JSFX, the GFX version and the VST3/CLAP.

Formats

• JSFXJSFX for REAPER, with REAPER's own sliders
• GFXJSFX GFX for REAPER, with its own interface
• VST3VST3 for any DAW
• CLAPCLAP for any DAW

Factory presets

Electric Piano · Soft EP · Tubular Bells · Glass Bells · FM Bass · Slap Bass · Brass · Soft Pad · Marimba · Vibraphone · Organ · Clav · Sync Lead · Harp Pluck · Bell Pad